Global Public Affairs Newswire – 19 April 2024
Welcome to the latest installment of the FTI Consulting Global Public Affairs Newswire. In this edition, we offer insights into recent developments surrounding the US and UK elections. Additionally, our comprehensive market update delves into pivotal political shifts across various regions. Our thought leadership segment shines a spotlight on M&A and political due diligence, explores offshore wind energy considerations amidst the 2024 presidential elections, and highlights key takeaways from our recent event in Spain with CEOE. We also extend a warm welcome to our newest senior adviser, Olga Bielkova.
Our team is closely following the ‘Year of the Election’ and taking a deep dive into the upcoming implications, considerations, and opportunities for the business world.
A new national poll indicates President Biden has narrowed former President Trump’s national lead to one point, with Trump polling at 46 percent in contrast to Biden’s 45 percent.
Jury selection for former President Trump’s criminal trial began this week in New York. Under state statutes, Trump was charged with thirty-four counts of falsifying business records. The former president has plead not guilty. The trial is expected to last six weeks, requiring his presence while the court is in session. This will impact his ability to travel to campaign through at least early May. One poll found that half of Americans would consider Trump unfit to serve as president if found guilty. Outside of the trial in New York, the former president also faces three other criminal cases regarding his handling of classified information and election subversion.
President Biden continued his re-election campaign this week in Pennsylvania, a key swing state in the electoral college. His address to the United Steelworkers union in Pittsburgh outlined his plans to triple the rates of tariffs on steel and aluminum from China.
Twelve U.S. news organizations have signed an open letter calling on Presidents Biden and Trump to commit to debating each other before November’s election. Since 1976, Republican and Democratic presidential candidates have participated in general election debates. Trump, who refused to participate in the Republican primary debates, has repeatedly urged Biden to debate him, stating that he is “willing to debate Joe Biden anytime, anywhere, any place.” Biden’s campaign, however, declined to comment on the letter – reiterating past comments that it “depends on [Trump’s] behavior.”
There are now less than two weeks until England and Wales go to the polls in the 2024 local elections to elect 2,655 councillors across 107 local councils, 25 Members of the London Assembly, 10 directly elected “Metro Mayors” (including the Mayor of London), and 37 Police and Crime Commissioners.
As the last round of local elections before this year’s General Election, these elections will be a key test for Prime Minister Rishi Sunak. Sunak’s Conservatives are struggling in the polls, with Sir Keir Starmer’s Labour Party enjoying consistent leads of between 15 and 20%. Unless this lead shortens significantly between now and this year’s General Election, the Conservatives look set to not only lose the election, but to do so by a landslide.
Any time a Prime Minister looks likely to lose an election, their leadership comes under fire from MPs who fear for both the future of their party and for their own careers. With the Conservatives forecast to lose badly, MPs in historically “safe” seats, who would not ordinarily be worried about their personal prospects, have grown increasingly uneasy about Sunak’s leadership. To calm nerves inside the party and change the narrative that a Labour landslide is a foregone conclusion, Sunak needs this year’s local elections to go better than expected.
The two key tests party insiders will look to this year are the Metro Mayoralties in Tees Valley and the West Midlands. Both are currently held by the Conservatives, and Sunak needs to hold at least one to spin the result as anything but a disaster for his party- if the Conservatives lose both of these mayoralties, Labour will likely hold every Metro Mayor in England.
Market updates
House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-LA-04) is navigating a fine line as he handles the increased need for a foreign aid funding package while dealing with the pushback from members of his party. Earlier this week, Speaker Johnson announced his plan to hold individual votes on four bills— aid for Ukraine, Israel, and Taiwan, and then a fourth national security-related bill that would include a ban on TikTok.
This differs from the $95 billion aid package passed by the U.S. Senate in February, clouding its prospects for final passage in Congress, but seems more manageable to most House Republicans. It is no secret that support for additional Ukraine aid is a non-starter for many members of the House Republican Conference. In retaliation for the Speaker pursuing aid to Ukraine, Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-GA-14) filed a motion to vacate Speaker Johnson from his position, a move that would give House Republicans their third Speaker of the House this term. To date, Rep. Thomas Massie (R-KY-04) has publicly voiced his support of her motion.
With the current state of play, it would only take two Republican votes to remove Speaker Johnson from his role as Speaker unless Democrats step in to save his Speakership, which remains a possibility. As of writing, Speaker Johnson has not yet released the text of the foreign aid package, further delaying the possibility of a vote as Congress heads into another district work period as he works to thread the needle between bipartisan action to address priority issues and maintaining his position.
Parliamentary wrangling over the UK Government’s flagship Rwanda plan continued this week, after the House of Lords voted to insist that the House of Commons accepts its amendments to the Government’s draft Bill. The Safety of Rwanda (Asylum and Immigration) Bill is intended to enshrine Rwanda’s status as a “safe country” in UK domestic law, allowing the Government to proceed with its controversial plan to deport illegal immigrants and asylum seekers for processing, asylum, and resettlement in the central African nation of Rwanda. MPs had overturned the House of Lords’ amendments to the Bill on Monday evening, but rather than accept this, the Lords sent the Bill back to the House of Commons on Wednesday, inclusive of amendments the Commons had previously rejected.
This procedural conflict between the elected House of Commons (the lower but senior House of the UK Parliament) and the unelected House of Lords (which is intended to act as a scrutinising chamber to improve legislation) is known colloquially in Westminster as “ping pong”, as the Bill passes back and forth between the two chambers in a short period of time. Ultimately, the House of Commons always triumphs over the House of Lords- the Parliament Act of 1911 removed the House of Lords’ veto powers, and the Parliament Act of 1949 reduced the period the Lords’ can delay legislation by to one year. A fresh vote on the Bill in the House of Commons is now expected on Monday.
The conflict over this policy reflects deep reservations many British lawmakers have over the Rwanda plan, on ethical, legal, and practical grounds. While the governing Conservative Party has a considerable majority in the House of Lords, party whips have far less influence there than they do in the House of Commons. Peers (members of the House of Lords) are unelected and serve for life, rendering them immune to threats of being dropped from their party’s list of candidates at the next election. Most peers are also appointed relatively late in their political careers- being given a peerage is usually a sign that one has finished, rather than started, their ascent up the “greasy pole” of British politics.
Enrico Letta, former Prime Minister of Italy, is set to unveil his report on the Single Market’s future, emphasizing its continued significance amidst evolving global dynamics. Letta’s report, spanning over 100 pages with 11 sections, aligns with previous recommendations, notably Mario Monti’s 2010 assessment, emphasizing the Single Market’s centrality to European integration. Letta identifies pressing factors necessitating updates to the Single Market, including demographic shifts, geopolitical tensions, and intra-EU service barriers and proposes a multifaceted approach anchored on three pillars: facilitating a fair, green, and digital transition; pursuing enlargement; and enhancing EU security.
The report advocates for integrating finance, electronic communications, and energy sectors into the Single Market, with sector-specific roadmaps outlined. Letta underscores the need for European competitiveness against global counterparts, urging maximum harmonization within the Single Market and proposing a fifth freedom focused on research and innovation.
To stimulate European investments, Letta recommends a Savings and Investments Union and a State aid contribution mechanism. Enlargement strategies entail reinforcing cohesion policies and establishing an Enlargement Solidarity Facility. Addressing security concerns, Letta proposes a “Common Market for the Security and Defence Industry” to bolster Europe’s autonomy and industrial capacity.
The report underscores equitable access within the Single Market, emphasizing support for SMEs and regions facing economic challenges. Letta calls for accessible Services of General Interest and a robust social dimension within the Single Market framework, proposing a permanent Citizens’ Conference for dialogue. Overall, Letta’s recommendations aim to guide policy formulation and legislative actions, reflecting a commitment to enhancing European integration and prosperity in a rapidly changing global landscape.
Chinese President Xi Jinping held talks with Federal Chancellor of Germany Olaf Scholz in Beijing, calling for a new level of bilateral relations with expanded understanding and win-win results through dialogue and cooperation. It was the first visit since Berlin agreed on a China strategy outlining the need to reduce strategic independence on Chinese goods and since the EU launched several investigations into Chinese manufacturers on anti-subsidy grounds.
Xi emphasized the deep interconnection of the two countries’ industrial and supply chains and the high level of market interdependence. “Mutually beneficial cooperation between China and Germany creates no risks but serves as a guarantee for stable relations and presents opportunities for future development,” said Xi. The President also pushed back the overcapacity claim, stating that moderate surge in tech exports has helped the world tackle inflation.
With Germany’s top corporate CEOs joining the trip, including those from Siemens, Mercedes-Benz, Merck, BMW, Bayer, and Thyssenkrupp, Chancellor Scholz lobbied for better market access for German businesses in China in the more than three-hours talk with President Xi, along with issues such as the protection of intellectual property rights and a reliable legal system. Scholz expressed his concern about China’s economic policies that pose structural difficulties for companies in Germany and Europe but also highlighted that the EU bloc should establish processes for fair competition and not act out of protectionist self-interest.
China and Germany have signed several bilateral cooperation agreements as the outcome of the visit, including on autonomous driving, circular economy, the prevention and control of Mad Cow Disease, and the customs inspection for apples. Immediately after, China’s General Administration of Customs lifted a ban on the grounds of Mad Cow Disease for German beef imports.
Chancellor Olaf Scholz (SPD) visited China from 14 to 16 April. His itinerary included stops in Chongqing, Shanghai, and concluded in Beijing, where he met with Chinese President Xi Jinping and Minister President Li Qiang. In Beijing, Scholz was joined by Federal Minister of Agriculture Cem Özdemir (Greens), Federal Minister for the Environment Steffi Lemke (Greens) and Minister of Digital Affairs and Transport Volker Wissing (FDP). Scholz was also accompanied by a delegation of German CEOs, including Siemens, Mercedes, BMW, and Bayer.
Discussions centered on economic policies, particularly the fair treatment of German companies operating in China and concerns over Chinese dumping exports. Scholz advocated for open markets, stressing the importance of reciprocal access for both Chinese and German products, and pleaded for a rules-based trading system. At the same time, he critically addressed China’s support for Russia and called for closer cooperation on climate protection. Xi also urged for close cooperation with Germany but emphasized that only “adherence to the principles of mutual respect, seeking common ground despite differences” would allow bilateral relations to continue to develop in a stable manner.
Last summer, the Federal Government adopted a China strategy. It defines the People’s Republic as a partner, competitor, and systemic rival. The strategy aims at reducing economic dependencies on China to avoid a rude awakening like the one that followed the Russian attack on Ukraine, when gas supplies were cut off. A complete de-coupling from Beijing however is not intended as China remains a key economic partner for Germany. Accordingly, the trip posed a diplomatic balancing act for Scholz, who sought to protect the interests of German businesses in Chinese markets while also critically addressing Beijing’s support for Russia’s war economy.
A committee of members from several of India’s central ministries has advised the government to adopt an inter-ministerial approach towards AI governance. The committee report recommends a ‘whole-of-government’ strategy for regulating AI, allowing each ministry to play a role in deploying and regulating AI through an inter-ministerial body. Representatives from top government think-tank NITI Aayog, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, the Department of Science and Technology, and the Department of Telecommunications are part of the committee. The committee wants companies to disclose any harm caused to users by their AI platforms or models.
The Indian government had earlier announced an IndiaAI mission with a budgetary outlay of USD 1.2 billion to develop and implement AI systems and conducted a study across ministries via a dedicated expert group to identify potential use cases. The government’s recent efforts to regulate AI represent a departure from its earlier hands-off approach. It had informed Parliament in April 2023 that it was not considering any legislation to regulate AI.
The upcoming Digital India Bill, likely to be released for public feedback after the elections, is also expected to include dedicated chapters on AI, blockchain, and quantum computing. This mirrors the United States government’s decision to appoint Chief AI Officers in all federal agencies, who will be responsible for the safe deployment of AI.
Singapore’s third Prime Minister, Lee Hsien Loong, has announced that he will step down on 15 May, paving the way for Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance Lawrence Wong to take over the country’s top job. Wong will be sworn in as Singapore’s fourth Prime Minister the same day.
This marks what will be only the third leadership transition in Singapore’s history and raises the chance that a general election will be held by year-end, as analysts have noted it would be a good window for Wong to seek his own mandate amid the uncertainties around the global financial climate and the rising cost of living in Singapore.
Wong, named in 2022 as the leader of the ruling People’s Action Party’s (PAP) fourth-generation (4G) team, which put him in pole position to be the next PM, will take office amid a challenging context. In particular, the 51-year-old will need to navigate the ongoing geopolitical tension between the US and China in region and fend off the spate of political scandals that have beset his party over the past year – including the Ridout Road bungalow rentals and former Transport Minister S. Iswaran’s court case involving 27 graft charges.
One of three co-chairs and a leading spokesperson for the Government of Singapore’s Covid-19 task force, Wong also launched and chaired the Forward Singapore work programme in 2022, which presents a vision to refresh Singapore’s ‘social compact’, and address structural challenges facing the country, including technological advancement, rising inequality and the threat posed by climate change.
As the new PM, Wong can be expected to put this agenda at the centre of his priorities, which highlighted among its recommendations the need to build a more inclusive and successful economy.
As the African Union (AU) champions one of its flagship projects, the African Single Electricity Market (AfSEM), it has encountered a stumbling block it is determined to overcome to witness its full implementation by 2040. Speaking on the sidelines of the 4th Assembly of International Renewable Energy Agency (Irena) convention, which officially kicked off on Tuesday, the 16th of April 2024, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, Amani Abou-Zeid, the Commissioner for Infrastructure and Energy of the AU Commission flagged that the African Continent needs to raise $1 trillion to achieve the AU’s strategic project.
The development of AfSEM – one of the largest electricity markets in the world, covering a population of more than 1.3 billion – requires physical interconnection of Africa’s continental energy infrastructure. The Energy Master Plan, in terms of energy generation, is looking at off-grid solutions, regional cross-border interconnections, and distribution harmonisation of policies across the continent, which will lead to an Africa-wide electricity market.
Commissioner Abou-Zeid has argued that this is an enormous project that will have significant benefits for the continent, its people, and its development and economic growth. The AU has flagged that while it is an ambitious target, it provides excellent investment opportunities for investors and financing institutions. The AU is alive to the investment challenges of creating a single Africa-wide electricity market. However, it is not deterred and does not believe it is impossible to achieve.
Commissioner Abou-Zeid has argued that there is a need to correct and address the misrepresentation of Africa at the international level as an unstable and risky continent; this results in high-risk profiles, higher interest rates, leading to a higher cost of capital, instead investors must explore the opportunities in the continent and work to leverage from some of these opportunities.
Fine Gael’s newly elected leader, Simon Harris, was officially appointed Ireland’s new Taoiseach (Prime Minister) on 9 April. He becomes Ireland’s 16th Taoiseach and the youngest person ever to hold the office at 37 years old. He replaces Leo Varadkar, who last month unexpectedly announced he was stepping down.
Although young, Harris is a long serving member of parliament, first elected in 2011. He has held a number of junior and senior ministerial positions throughout Fine Gael’s 13 years in various forms of government, including most recently as Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science.
Harris’ first act as Taoiseach was appointing his Cabinet, by filling ministerial positions that had been vacated by Fine Gael representatives. Under the coalition government agreement, the Fianna Fáil and Green Party ministers remain unchanged. Patrick O’Donovan was appointed Minister for Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science, filling the vacancy left by Harris. Peter Burke was appointed Minister for Enterprise, Trade and Employment, filling the position left by Simon Coveney, who announced at the start of April he was stepping down from Cabinet after 13 years as a minister. Incumbent Fine Gael Ministers – Heather Humphreys, Paschal Donohoe, and Helen McEntee – all retained their current Ministerial portfolios, completing Fine Gael’s representation at Cabinet.
All eyes now turn to the local and European Parliament elections, both taking place on 7 June, which will be a litmus test for all parties in advance of the next general election (due at the latest by March 2025). Harris in particular will be keeping a close eye on the five sitting members of parliament that are running in the European Parliament Elections. Should any be successful, a by-election to replace them must be held within six months of them vacating their seats. Given the small majority the government holds, the number of by-elections, if any, will no doubt inform his decision on when to call a national election.
The Malaysian government will proceed with plans to gradually remove blanket subsidies on petrol as part of efforts to reduce the country’s fiscal deficit, Economy Minister Rafizi Ramli announced on 16 April.
The move – which economists project could save Putrajaya USD6.1 billion – would see the Southeast Asian country free float petrol prices for RON95, the most widely used and economic gasoline at petrol stations. Limited subsidies for the bottom 40% of income earners would, however, continue. Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim’s administration had floated the idea of removing blanket subsidies on fuel, electricity, and other goods in mid-2023, less than a year since taking power.
While this this would help Putrajaya achieve its target of 4.3% in fiscal deficit for 2024, policy advisors have warned the government to do so carefully: free floating RON95 could spike fuel costs by at least 64% and simultaneously shrink consumer confidence and spending.
The implementation will no doubt draw public backlash – Malaysians of all socioeconomic backgrounds have enjoyed energy and fuel subsidies since the 1980s, with the government subsidizing the difference between the market and retail price of electricity, gasoline, and cooking oil. Politically, talk of removing subsidies by politicians and lawmakers – even partially – has generally spelt the end of their careers at the ballot box.
The government has yet to specify a comprehensive timeline of the gradual removal of petrol subsidies, but it will no doubt have extensive consequences for both the Malaysian economy and ordinary citizens.
Tensions between President Emmanuel Macron and Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire have surfaced in recent days, recasting France’s public finance woes at the centre of political debate. In late March, the French national statistics agency INSEE confirmed that the budget deficit for 2023 came in at 5.6%, considerably above the government’s initial expectation of 4.9%. The revised numbers triggered condemnation from the opposition, concern over potential tax hikes or budget cuts, as well as preoccupation that France’s commitment to reduce the deficit to 3% by 2027 would not be fulfilled. In early April, the government then revised its 2024 deficit outlook to 5.1% from 4.4%.
In this context, Bruno Le Maire is seizing every opportunity to remind the government that further efforts are needed if France is to respect its fiscal trajectory. He would like a bill to amend the last budget, which would allow the government to introduce cuts above the already announced €10 bn threshold, for which a decree suffices. Reports circulating in the press indicate that double-digit billion-euro cuts are needed in 2024-2025 to comply with France’s commitments. His outspokenness has irked the Presidential Palace, which has at worst tolerated and at best encouraged press reports describing how Macron put Le Maire on the spot during cabinet meetings by saying that the Minister has had the job since 2017, implying the deficit was his responsibility. The President then ruled out the possibility of a bill amending the budget, effectively tying Le Maire’s hands, limiting his options for fiscal redress, and embarrassing his “offensive” in favour of amending the budget. Government action was essentially suspended as ministers waited for this clash to be resolved, and as rumours of a potential sacking of Le Maire after EU polls in June surfaced.
Such public tension between the President and a Finance Minister is rare, even more so given Le Maire’s stature, power, and longevity in the post. Macron’s posture is explained by the unpopularity ahead of EU elections of amending the budget, as well as by a willingness to avoid a possible vote of no confidence by the opposition on it. The President has repeatedly stated that the deficit can only be addressed by robust economic growth, which in turn can be achieved only through full employment, the ultimate objective of several recent reforms. Imminent updates by ratings agencies will shed light on the market’s take on French public finances.
On April 3rd President Petro faced his first Congressional defeat of the year, after the Healthcare Reform bill failed to pass in the Senate. At its core, the main contention point was the proposal to end the intermediary model between patients and healthcare services. This would imply increased and direct participation of the State in the financial management of the healthcare system.
Although repealing the vote or reintroducing the bill to Congress is still an option, President Petro opted for a third way. He has begun to implement it the reform through Presidential decrees by intervening two of the country’s largest intermediary insurance companies: Sanitas and Nueva EPS. The Colombian State is now responsible for roughly 50,1% of total population.
The intervention of Sanitas, from Spanish business group Keralty, through the Superintendence of Health, represents a step towards Petro’s transformation. However, institutional counterweight is strong. Keralty filed a complaint to the Attorney General’s Office claiming irregularities in the intervention. For now, a permanent working session between the Government and EPS has been initiated.
Despite the dialogic nature of this session and the legislative role involved in objecting the reform, six intermediary insurer companies have already expressed their support for the government’s proposal. It is expected that new decrees will begin to shape the preventive and resolution-oriented healthcare model proposed by the government, which both Congress and businesses had deemed insufficient to address the country’s healthcare system issues.
This week, the Brazilian Federal Senate approved a proposal to amend the Constitution, criminalizing possession of narcotics and related illicit drugs without authorization or in violation of legal or regulatory determinations, currently regulated solely by law. The proposal was presented by the President of the Senate, Rodrigo Pacheco, and was approved by 52 votes in favor against 9 opposed. The proposal now goes to the Chamber of Deputies. If approved, it would be enacted immediately, without the need for a president’s sanction.
Those in favor of the measure point out that the increase in consumption favors drug trafficking and that it is necessary to define legal barriers to drug consumption in the country. On the other hand, critics argue that the law does not define objective criteria to differentiate users from dealers, which could lead to greater criminalization of users and inhibit people from seeking adequate health treatment. Progressive sectors point out that the legislation could lead to an increase in Brazil’s incarceration rates, already the third largest in the world.
The approval of the proposal reinforces a tense scenario between the branches and was seen as a reaction to an ongoing trial in the Supreme Court, which could decriminalize the possession of cannabis for personal use (medicinal and/or recreational). Representatives have seen it as an intrusion by the judiciary into the powers of the Legislative Branch and debates over competence over the issue have emerged. Experts also point out that this underlines the challenges facing Lula’s government in managing the expectations of its progressive base while dealing with a conservative majority in both houses of the Legislative Branch.
In a significant stride toward bolstering the essence of the European Union’s Net Zero Industry Act (NZIA), Spain’s Ministry for Ecological Transition has embarked on a journey of reforming the Economic Regime for Renewable Energies (REER). For this purpose, the ministry has opened a public consultation aimed at modifying the regulatory framework governing this crucial sector.
The REER operates as a long-term auction system for energy contracts, where operators bid for the supply of renewable energy at fixed prices. However, recent auctions have seen lukewarm responses due to low expected prices, reflecting the need for updates to incentivize participation and ensure the sustainability of renewable energy projects.
Recognizing the imperative to align with European Union directives and national energy goals outlined in the National Integrated Energy and Climate Plan (PNIEC), the Secretary of State of Energy aims to introduce non-economic criteria into the auction process. This move not only enhances the competitiveness of renewable energy but also reinforces Spain’s commitment to reducing carbon emissions and achieving climate targets.
The revision of REER’s legal framework seeks to infuse additional flexibility and efficiency into the auction mechanism. Moreover, it strives to integrate renewable energy seamlessly into the electricity grid, ensuring a smoother transition towards a sustainable energy landscape.
Stakeholders are invited to contribute to the consultation, focusing on areas such as non-economic award criteria, renewable energy integration, and auction design. Overall, this initiative heralds a collaborative effort towards shaping a greener and more resilient energy future for Spain and beyond.
Expert Analysis |
Offshore wind energy in the 2024 elections
A rare occurrence in American politics – a presidential rematch – will repeat itself this year when President Joe Biden and former-President Donald Trump face each other in the 2024 presidential election. The election of either would have drastically different impacts on the U.S. energy sector, but few industries would face a more starkly diverging outlook than the offshore wind industry.
Political due diligence during an M&A process
How should public affairs be considered during a merger or acquisition? Alex Deane, UK Head of Public Affairs and Senior Managing Director, discusses the crucial aspect of political due diligence in the M&A process in a short video.
We welcome Olga Bielkova to our team
We are delighted to announce the appointment of Olga Bielkova as a Senior Advisor. Olga brings more than 25 years of experience as an executive-level advisor on public policy in the energy, industrials, and defense sectors, both in Ukraine and across Europe. This appointment reinforces our continued commitment to strengthen the depth of our corporate affairs and public policy advisory services to clients in Central and Eastern European (CEE) markets.
Event with CEOE on the impact of EU Elections
This week, our team in Spain hosted an event in conjunction with the Confederación Española de Organizaciones Empresariales (CEOE) to discuss the upcoming elections for the European Parliament. It was great to discuss the key themes regarding how Spain can and should live up to the expectations of being a more influential player in Brussels.
Upcoming Conferences, Elections and Webinars
- 19 April: General Election, first phase (India)
- 26 April: General Election, second phase (India)
- 02 May: Local Elections (United Kingdom)
- 05 May: General Election (Panama)
- 07 May: General Election, third phase (India)
- 13 May: General Election, fourth phase (India)
- 19 May: General Election (Dominican Republic)
- 20 May: General Election, fifth phase (India)
- 25 May: General Election, sixth phase (India)
- 29 May: General Election (South Africa)
- 01 June: General Election, seventh phase (India)
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